Volume 14, Issue 4 (9-2026)                   J Surg Trauma 2026, 14(4): 175-180 | Back to browse issues page

Ethics code: This study is an editorial article.

XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Piri E, Jafarnezhadgero A, Foroughi M. An Editorial Perspective on Modifiable Risk Factors Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Strategies for Optimizing Long-Term Outcomes and Mitigating Osteoarthritis. , J Surg Trauma. 2026; 14 (4) :175-180
URL: http://jsurgery.bums.ac.ir/article-1-532-en.html
Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract:   (863 Views)
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a devastating injury, predominantly affecting active individuals. While ACLR is often successful in facilitating a return to sport (RTS), it fails to fully restore the knee to its pre-injury biological state. The subsequent development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) represents a major public health concern, leading to pain, functional limitations, and reduced quality of life many years after the initial surgery. The etiology of PTOA after ACLR is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of biological, mechanical, and patient-specific factors. While non-modifiable factors (e.g., age, genetics, concomitant meniscal/chondral injury) contribute to risk, a growing body of evidence points to several modifiable factors that clinicians and patients can target.
Full-Text [PDF 459 kb]   (350 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (233 Views)  
Type of Study: Letter to Editor | Subject: Trauma
Received: 2026/01/8 | Accepted: 2026/05/18 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/06/7 | Published: 2026/09/1

References
1. Fischer AG, Erhart-Hledik JC, Chu CR, Asay JL, Andriacchi TP. Changes in stair ascent biomechanics two to eight years after ACL reconstruction are associated with patient-reported outcomes. Gait & Posture. 2019;69:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.01.029] [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.01.029] [PMID]
2. Wang L-J, Zeng N, Yan Z-P, Li J-T, Ni G-X. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis following ACL injury. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):57. [DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02156-5] [DOI:10.1186/s13075-020-02156-5] [PMID]
3. Paterno MV, Huang B, Thomas S, Hewett TE, Schmitt LC. Clinical factors that predict a second ACL injury after ACL reconstruction and return to sport: preliminary development of a clinical decision algorithm. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(12):2325967117745279. [DOI: 10.1177/2325967117745279] [DOI:10.1177/2325967117745279] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Meredith SJ, Rauer T, Chmielewski TL, Fink C, Diermeier T, Rothrauff BB, et al. Return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament injury: Panther symposium ACL injury return to sport consensus group. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(6):2325967120930829. [DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06009-1] [DOI:10.1007/s00167-020-06009-1] [PMID]
5. Whittaker JL, Truong LK, Losciale JM, Silvester-Lee T, Miciak M, Pajkic A, et al. Efficacy of the SOAR knee health program: protocol for a two-arm stepped-wedge randomized delayed-controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):85. [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05019-z] [DOI:10.1186/s12891-022-05019-z] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA. Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: The Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(13):804-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096031] [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096031] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Ithurburn MP, Altenburger AR, Thomas S, Hewett TE, Paterno MV, Schmitt LC. Young athletes after ACL reconstruction with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of return-to-sport demonstrate decreased knee function 1 year later. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(2):426-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4678-4] [DOI:10.1007/s00167-017-4678-4] [PMID]
8. Andrade R, Pereira R, van Cingel R, Staal JB, Espregueira-Mendes J. How should clinicians rehabilitate patients after ACL reconstruction? A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) with a focus on quality appraisal (AGREE II). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(9):512-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100310] [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100310] [PMID]
9. Adhitya IPGS, Kurniawati I, Sawa R, Wijaya TF, Dewi NPAC. The risk factors and preventive strategies of poor knee functions and osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A narrative review. Phys Ther Res. 2023;26(3):78-88. [DOI: 10.1298/ptr.R0028] [DOI:10.1298/ptr.R0028] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Bruder AM, Culvenor AG, King MG, Haberfield M, Roughead EA, Mastwyk J, et al. Let's talk about sex (and gender) after ACL injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-reported activity and knee-related outcomes. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(10):602-10. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106099] [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106099] [PMID]
11. Praetorius ADA. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft: Evaluation of a brace free rehabilitation protocol and biomechanical assessment of functional outcome using statistical parametric mapping: Dissertation, Duisburg, Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 2023; 2023. [DOI:10.17185/duepublico/78286]
12. Franco D, Ambrosio L, Za P, Maltese G, Russo F, Vadalà G, et al. Effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies to mitigate non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A narrative review. Appl Sci (Basel). 2024;14(20):9330. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/app14209330]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2026 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Surgery and Trauma

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb